Category: Projects

Thermodynamics is a highly successful framework to describe many-particle equilibrium systems through a small number of collective variables. Yet, in quantum systems, it is still unclear how thermodynamic behaviour emerges microscopically from far-from-equilibrium initial conditions, as the evolution of closed quantum systems is unitary. While it has been realised that the distribution of correlations among many constituents is a key driving mechanism of equilibration, microscopically tracking the dynamical build-up of this process is a formidable challenge: At long times, close to equilibrium, hydrodynamics allow for an efficient description in terms of few collective degrees of freedom, but intermediate time scales are characterised by high complexity and pose serious challenges even for the most advanced theoretical and computational techniques. Significant progress in understanding the microscopic evolution of complexity and the emergence of equilibration can only be driven by a strong confluence of theoretical and experimental endeavours.

An exciting inroad in this context is opened by a new generation of quantum simulation machines, where many-body systems can be engineered at the level of individual constituents. Amongst the possible implementations, quantum simulators based on ultracold atoms offer an unprecedented magnifying glass for probing coherent out-of-equilibrium dynamics over long time scales.

In CoQuS, we will follow a bottom-up approach and implement atomic simulators with a small number of precisely assembled constituents. Such small-scale quantum simulators are excellent playgrounds to shed light on the reciprocity between equilibration and complexity, both from the theoretical and the experimental point of view, as they allow for tracing an explicit connection between microscopic dynamics and non-equilibrium statistical mechanics. To this aim, we will leverage some of the most powerful tools in statistical and computational physics: (i) fluctuation-dissipation relations and (ii) complexity theory. A new experimental platform based on ultracold two-electron atoms will enable novel diagnostics for quantifying equilibration and complexity, owing to an increased coherent control and ultra-precise probing capabilities. Experimental explorations will be guided by state-of-the-art theoretical approaches, allowing us also to devise new strategies and establish presently lacking, rigorous connections between complexity and non-equilibrium dynamics.

AtomQT is dedicated to propelling Europe to the forefront of the Second Quantum Revolution. The mission of AtomQT is to establish an extensive network of expert groups specializing in cold-atom quantum physics. This network will serve as a catalyst, accelerating the swift development and commercialization of quantum technology grounded in ultra-cold atoms and Bose-Einstein condensates.

The overarching vision is to position Europe as a leader in both fundamental research and the creation of practical, commercial products leveraging the unique quantum mechanical properties of cold atomic ensembles. This strategic focus is poised to result in groundbreaking advancements across various domains, including metrology, cryptography, communications, computation, biology, and geology. AtomQT is committed to driving this progress by offering a pivotal platform for information exchange and research coordination, thereby acting as a catalyst for the burgeoning quantum industry.

A key priority for the AtomQT network is outreach. By educating the general public and providing information to policymakers, decision-makers, and international regulatory bodies, AtomQT aims to significantly facilitate the advancement of the Second Quantum Revolution and ensure its long-term sustainability.

Link: https://atomqt.eu/

The past decades have witnessed the development of a vivid scientific community around the topics of quantum technologies. One essential direction of research concerns the quest for robust quantum systems, which can preserve and optimally harness quantum coherence to perform operations unthinkable through the methods of classical physics. In particular, these systems will form the basis for new quantum sensors, quantum simulators and future quantum computers, expected to speed up certain computational tasks beyond what is achievable with even the most powerful classical hardware. However, today most of the relevant practical applications of quantum technologies are forestalled by the decoherence of quantum systems. To overcome this issue, it is key to learn how to synthesize quantum states and probe their coherence properties, especially in highly entangled, many-particle systems.

In the FastOrbit project, we propose the realization of a new quantum information platform where the dynamics of quantum coherence in many-particle states can be studied and engineered. This will be based on the control of single atoms of ytterbium-171, stored in the stable potentials created by optical lattices and arranged in large reconfigurable arrays. The nuclear spin of fermionic ytterbium isotopes provides a qubit which is intrinsically robust to external perturbations, due to its almost complete decoupling from the electronic degrees of freedom, but can nonetheless be effectively manipulated through ultra-precise optical spectroscopy techniques already developed in optical lattice clocks.

The new experimental setup will exploit the most advanced optical methods for cooling and trapping single-atom arrays: a scalable quantum register, in which fast and efficient logical operations between qubits will be implemented. In this way, we will develop optimal protocols for the creation of many-particle entangled states, whose quality and robustness to noise will be characterized through randomized projective measurements and interferometric methods. The high degree of control will then be used to investigate the deep connection between the decoherence dynamics of individual qubits and the non-equilibrium thermodynamics arising from coupling with the surrounding environment. The platform realised within the FastOrbit project will definitely represent a promising new hardware for quantum technologies, with ample opportunities for further development. It will also increase the competitiveness of Italian research in a highly strategic sector.

The transport properties of many strongly correlated materials are governed by interactions between localised spins and mobile fermions. Even a single localised spin impurity can have a profound impact on the motion of numerous fermions in its proximity, giving rise to a notable phenomenon in quantum many-body physics known as the Kondo effect. In the presence of a finite density of localised spins, the Kondo effect interacts with fermion-mediated long-range spin interactions. The OrbiDynaMIQs project, funded by the EU, aims to investigate the fundamental dynamical and spatial properties of the Kondo effect. It will develop an innovative, high-speed quantum simulator based on ultracold fermionic ytterbium atoms, focusing on the spin-orbital dynamics of single and multiple impurities embedded in 1D and 2D itinerant fermion systems.

MAWI is a European Doctoral Network under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Action, currently in the phase of recruiting PhD students interested in the topics of ultra-cold atoms, matter waves, quantum sensing, and atomtronics.

The objective of the MAWI project is to train young researchers in the emerging fields of matter-wave interferometry and quantum sensors based on interferometric schemes. The significant advancements in manipulating matter-waves at ultracold temperatures make it highly plausible that a new generation of interferometers will be implemented with ultracold atoms in the coming years. These interferometers are expected to exhibit sensitivities and performances that not only hold great promise but are also practical for use in both fundamental scientific research and technological applications.

This progress is closely linked to the equally remarkable advances in the field of atomtronics — a frontier area in matter-wave optics aiming to create atomic circuits where ultracold atoms are manipulated in versatile optical or magnetic guides.

Link: https://mawi-net.eu/

The primary goal of QuCoM is to demonstrate the proof of concept (TRL 1) for a levitated acceleration sensor capable of detecting gravity in the quantum-controlled regime, especially for small masses. To achieve this objective, we aim to explore the interplay between quantum mechanics and gravity within a parameter range conducive to cost-effective tabletop experiments. Our approach involves suspending sub-millimetre particles in optical and magnetic traps, using them to detect gravitational forces in an unprecedented mass regime. Additionally, we will investigate quantum superpositions in which these masses exhibit delocalisation.

The project will address prominent theoretical proposals that combine quantum physics and gravity in unconventional ways, assessing their limits of validity and potentially constraining the values of their parameters. The consortium comprises two experimentalists, two theorists, and two SMEs, pooling their expertise to achieve the project’s objectives. Leveraging the experimental knowledge of consortium partners, QuCoM aims to go beyond by demonstrating two-mass gravity sensing and operating sensors in the quantum domain.

The theoretical aspects, including state preparation, control, and analysis schemes, are grounded in the expertise of our theory partners. High-tech SMEs within the QuCoM consortium will play a crucial role in optimising the experimental apparatus to meet the targeted objectives. This optimisation will position them to offer improved products, specifically sub-mK, low-vibration cryogenic equipment, to the market.

Furthermore, we will explore the feasibility of implementing our technology into a micro-satellite platform for space-based metrology and Earth exploration, utilising gravitational detection. This represents a direct technology impact and an innovation case for QuCoM.

Link: www.qucom.eu

The 20th century bequeathed a scientific and technological legacy marked by milestones like quantum mechanics and groundbreaking space missions. Both pursuits have paved new paths for expanding our understanding of nature, standing as true benchmarks of modern science. Quantum theory and space science constitute foundational elements of a robust research framework, propelling the exploration of the frontiers of modern physics through experimental tests conducted in space, offering unique working conditions.

Space-based generation of entangled photons holds the potential to establish global quantum communication networks, conduct long-distance tests of quantum theory, and investigate the intricate interplay between relativity and quantum entanglement.

Extended free-fall durations provide opportunities for high-precision tests of general relativity and examinations of the equivalence principle for quantum systems.

Leveraging microgravity, deep space’s high vacuum, and low temperatures offer the prospect of studying deviations from standard quantum theory for high-mass test particles. Spaceborne experiments in metrology and sensing are poised to elevate the precision of clocks, mass detectors, and transducers, pushing towards the engineering of innovative quantum technologies.

“Quantum Technologies in Space (QTSpace)” aspires to create this dynamic framework, presenting an exciting opportunity to deepen our comprehension of fundamental physics mechanisms in an entirely novel context. QTSpace embodies a visionary initiative for advancing our understanding of the universe’s intricacies.

Link: www.qtspace.eu

Microscopic systems can assume quantum configurations devoid of classical counterparts. However, as we transition toward the macroscopic domain, the potential for such non-classical behavior diminishes, leaving us with no evidence of quantum phenomena at larger scales. Why does this happen, and how does quantumness dissipate as we move beyond the microscopic realm? These questions, still largely unanswered, present intriguing and formidable challenges in modern physics research, aligning with the overarching goal of the TEQ project.

TEQ seeks to explore the macroscopic limits of quantum mechanics through an innovative research program that goes beyond existing approaches reliant on matter-wave interferometry. The TEQ Consortium will undertake the following objectives:

1. Confine a specially crafted nanocrystal within a radio-frequency ion trap, employing optical parametric feedback to cool it and create ultra-low noise environments for operation.

2. Quantitatively identify and experimentally control all major sources of decoherence impacting the nanocrystal, aiming to prepare high-quality quantum states of its motional degrees of freedom.

3. Examine the light scattered by the nanocrystal to test quantum predictions for its motion against those of spontaneous collapse and non-standard decoherence mechanisms. This analysis aims to identify and either confirm or rule out key quantum-spoiling effects that have not been thoroughly explored to date.

This roadmap facilitates the testing of quantum effects in systems with masses orders of magnitude larger than those employed in the most successful quantum experiments thus far, bridging the gap with the macroscopic world. Additionally, it promises significant technological impact. The constructed device will exhibit exceptional sensitivity to frequency and displacements, making a substantial and explicit technological contribution to the development of quantum-enhanced metrological sensors.

Link: www.tequantum.eu

The goal of the QuFree project is to establish a free-space communication link, meaning communication through the air, for the secure exchange of keys generated with quantum technology. Air serves as the medium for transmitting quantum communication complementary to optical fiber. Therefore, QuFree complements the Quantum FVG project, already funded by RAFVG and currently underway. The Quantum FVG project involves creating two optical fiber links (UniTS-SISSA and UniTS-UniUD) for the exchange of cryptographic keys generated with quantum technology.

Quantum communication in fiber performs exceptionally well over distances up to several hundred kilometers, making it particularly suitable for metropolitan and regional levels. However, for longer distances (several thousand kilometers), there are two alternatives: securely connect multiple segments using trusted nodes, or employ satellite communication. Satellite communication has the additional advantage of being usable over very long distances (intercontinental connections) and for links with mobile stations, such as ships. This latter aspect is especially relevant for the city of Trieste and its port.

The preliminary step to satellite communication is the implementation of free-space quantum communication, which involves an optical link between two locations with a direct line of sight. Special attention is given to assessing the behaviour of the quantum link under adverse weather conditions to ensure its continuous and long-term use.

The free-space link established by the QuFree project will later be integrated into the Quantum FVG project’s optical fiber quantum network. Additionally, the University of Trieste is participating in the European EuroQCI project to create a continental quantum communication network. Within this context, the regional quantum network will be connected to the national network (Italian Quantum Backbone) by establishing a Trieste-Bologna link.

QuFree, along with the Quantum FVG project, contributes to achieving one of the objectives outlined in the SiS FVG agreement to establish a ‘scientific network of excellence’ in Friuli Venezia Giulia between universities and research entities. This aims to strengthen the action capacity, attractiveness, and competitiveness at the national and international levels for these institutions. Furthermore, it will enhance RAFVG’s role in the landscape of Italian research and technological development, both in quantum communication via fiber and for future satellite communication.

QuFree will be implemented in collaboration with CNR-INO and LightNet, with the funding aimed at acquiring the necessary instrumentation for creating the free-space link.

The project is funded by the Region Friuli Venezia Giulia.

Quantum FVG envisions the creation of an inherently secure data transmission infrastructure on optical fiber based on quantum communication for the digital innovation of businesses and the regional Public Administration. The network links the three university entities (UniTS, UniUD, and Sissa) and involves the participation of additional regional research entities, particularly CNR.

Quantum technologies applied to long-distance communication are the subject of significant investments in Europe and around the world. In Europe, the Quantum Technology Flagship, the EuroQCI, the European organization GEANT, involving collaboration with 38 national research networks, and the Italian-Quantum Backbone project of CNR, along with the QUAPITAL network, serve as crucial examples for the development prospects of quantum technologies.

With the Quantum FVG project, the aim is to fund the acquisition of equipment for the implementation of the quantum network connecting three nodes, one in each of the three involved entities, using dedicated fiber, in collaboration with LightNET. Furthermore, the Quantum FVG project contributes to achieving one of the objectives outlined in the SiS FVG agreement to establish a ‘scientific network of excellence’ in Friuli Venezia Giulia between universities and research entities. This aims to strengthen the action capacity, attractiveness, and competitiveness at the national and international levels for these institutions.

The project is funded by the Region Friuli Venezia Giulia.